How
does the Chidambaram dance compare to the Madurai dance?
The cosmic dances of Lord Shiva in Chidambaram and Madurai differ significantly in their philosophical meanings, physical postures, and underlying spiritual principles:
- Cosmic and Chakra Principles: Chidambaram is
considered the 'Akasa' (space) element and represents the Anahatam
(heart) chakra, showcasing the peak vigor of the universe. In
contrast, Madurai represents the Dwadasantham, the highest yogic
point above the crown of the head. The dance at Madurai's Silver Hall is
described as a compassionate dance performed for the salvation of
the world.
- Foot Positioning and the Male-Female Principle:
In Chidambaram, Shiva dances with his right foot planted and left foot
raised. Since the right side of his androgynous form (Ardhanarishvara)
is male, this posture represents male dominance, valor, and wisdom. In
Madurai, Shiva dances with his left foot planted and right foot raised.
Because the left side represents the female half, this posture emphasizes
the greatness of femininity, which is deeply fitting for the Pandya
kingdom ruled by Goddess Meenakshi.
- Solar vs. Lunar Lineages: The dance in
Chidambaram is associated with the Chola dynasty, who belonged to the Solar
lineage (a hot, masculine planet), aligning with the fierce,
right-foot-planted dance. Madurai is the capital of the Pandya dynasty,
who belonged to the Lunar lineage (a cool, feminine planet),
further justifying the emphasis on the feminine left foot being planted.
- Respect for the Shivalinga: In Madurai,
Nataraja dances to the left of the Someswarar Shivalinga. If he were to
dance with his left foot raised as he does in Chidambaram, his foot would
point directly at the sacred Shivalinga. By switching his stance and
raising his right foot, his raised foot points towards the worshiping
devotees instead, maintaining respect for the Linga.
- The Devotee's Love: The physical change of
posture in Madurai was also a direct response to human devotion. The
Pandya King Rajasekara, who was a dancer himself, worried that Lord Shiva
would experience physical pain from constantly standing on one foot. Out
of compassion for the king's request, Shiva gracefully switched feet
